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Radionuclide Dosimetric Data Sheets
Uranium-228
Summary data
General
Classification
Isotope: U-228
Atomic number (Z): 92
Mass number (A): 228
Neutron number (N): 136
Radioactive decay
Decay modes: α
Half-life: 9.1 [m]
Decay constant: 1.2695e-03 [1/s]
Daughters: Th-224 (97.5%)
Radioactive daughters: Th-224
Dosimetric constants
Mean alpha energy: 6.6045 [MeV]
Mean electron energy: 0.02313 [MeV]
Mean photon energy: 0.00558 [MeV]
Air kerma rate constant, Γ10: 2.644e-18 [Gy·m2/Bq·s]
Air kerma coefficient, Kair: 2.644e-18 [Gy·m2/Bq·s]
Equilibrium dose constant for weakly-penetrating radiations (α and/or
electrons), Δwp: 1.062e-12 [Gy·kg/Bq·s]
Equilibrium dose constant for alphas, Δα: 1.058e-12
[Gy·kg/Bq·s]
Equilibrium dose constant for betas/electrons, Δβ-,β+,e-:
3.706e-15 [Gy·kg/Bq·s]
Equilibrium dose constant for photons, Δp: 8.940e-16
[Gy·kg/Bq·s]
Dose point kernels (plot)
Dose point kernel source: Graves, et al. Medical Physics. 2019 Nov.; 46(11):5284-5293.
Note: Bins are spaced every 0.1 mm until a radius of 10 cm, and every 1 mm until a radius of 2 m.
Download tabulated dose point kernel file here: www.mirdsoft.org/products/MIRDspecs/U-228 DPK.csv
Summary spectra (plot)
Spectra source: ICRP Publication 107: Nuclear Decay Data for Dosimetric Calculations. Ann. ICRP 2008, 38 (3).
Download tabulated summary spectra file here: www.mirdsoft.org/products/MIRDspecs/U-228 Summary Spectrum.csv
Tabulated data
Summary spectra (table)
Spectra source: ICRP Publication 107: Nuclear Decay Data for Dosimetric Calculations. Ann. ICRP 2008, 38 (3).
Note: Radiations with yield < 0.01 are excluded from the table, but are available in the linked *.csv data.
Download tabulated summary spectra file here: www.mirdsoft.org/products/MIRDspecs/U-228 Summary Spectrum.csv
|
Energy [MeV] |
Yield [#/nt] if > 0.01 |
Radiation type |
|
8.23328e-05 |
2.713e+00 |
X-ray |
|
3.07362e-03 |
1.499e-02 |
X-ray |
|
1.29764e-02 |
2.908e-02 |
X-ray |
|
1.62776e-02 |
4.113e-02 |
X-ray |
|
9.30000e-02 |
2.079e-02 |
Gamma |
|
5.13188e-05 |
6.536e-01 |
Auger electron |
|
1.33604e-04 |
7.229e-01 |
Auger electron |
|
1.88356e-04 |
4.151e-01 |
Auger electron |
|
5.06124e-04 |
1.073e-01 |
Auger electron |
|
1.75530e-03 |
1.912e-02 |
Auger electron |
|
2.33009e-03 |
2.344e-01 |
Auger electron |
|
2.74893e-03 |
4.045e-02 |
Auger electron |
|
1.00573e-02 |
6.162e-02 |
Auger electron |
|
1.32001e-02 |
3.076e-02 |
Auger electron |
|
7.32200e-02 |
1.081e-01 |
Conversion electron |
|
7.66850e-02 |
7.821e-02 |
Conversion electron |
|
8.89638e-02 |
5.274e-02 |
Conversion electron |
|
9.30000e-02 |
1.822e-02 |
Conversion electron |
|
6.59319e+00 |
2.821e-01 |
Alpha |
|
6.68456e+00 |
6.810e-01 |
Alpha |
|
1.17812e-01 |
2.821e-01 |
Alpha recoil |
|
1.19445e-01 |
6.810e-01 |
Alpha recoil |
Useful Links
Isotope decay characteristics are periodically updated as better measurements can be made - changes that may not be reflected on this page. Please see useful links:
National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC): https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/mird/
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Livechart: https://www-nds.iaea.org/relnsd/vcharthtml/VChartHTML.html
Reference Links
ICRP Report 107: https://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%20107
Graves et al. Dose Point Kernels: https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13789
MIRD Decay Schemes 2nd Edition: https://sites.snmmi.org/SNMMI-MAIN/iCore/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iProductCode=0-932004-80-6
MIRDsoft MIRDspecs version 20250101 (www.mirdsoft.org)
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