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Radionuclide Dosimetric Data Sheets
Thallium-196
Summary data
General
Classification
Isotope: Tl-196
Atomic number (Z): 81
Mass number (A): 196
Neutron number (N): 115
Radioactive decay
Decay modes: β+, Electron capture
Half-life: 1.84 [h]
Decay constant: 1.0464e-04 [1/s]
Daughters: Hg-196 (100.0%)
Radioactive daughters: None
Dosimetric constants
Mean alpha energy: 0.0 [MeV]
Mean electron energy: 0.17821 [MeV]
Mean photon energy: 1.87336 [MeV]
Air kerma rate constant, Γ10: 6.387e-17 [Gy·m2/Bq·s]
Air kerma coefficient, Kair: 6.866e-17 [Gy·m2/Bq·s]
Equilibrium dose constant for weakly-penetrating radiations (α and/or
electrons), Δwp: 2.855e-14 [Gy·kg/Bq·s]
Equilibrium dose constant for alphas, Δα: 0.000e+00
[Gy·kg/Bq·s]
Equilibrium dose constant for betas/electrons, Δβ-,β+,e-:
2.855e-14 [Gy·kg/Bq·s]
Equilibrium dose constant for photons, Δp: 3.001e-13
[Gy·kg/Bq·s]
Dose point kernels (plot)
Dose point kernel source: Graves, et al. Medical Physics. 2019 Nov.; 46(11):5284-5293.
Note: Bins are spaced every 0.1 mm until a radius of 10 cm, and every 1 mm until a radius of 2 m.
Download tabulated dose point kernel file here: www.mirdsoft.org/products/MIRDspecs/Tl-196 DPK.csv
Summary spectra (plot)
Spectra source: ICRP Publication 107: Nuclear Decay Data for Dosimetric Calculations. Ann. ICRP 2008, 38 (3).
Download tabulated summary spectra file here: www.mirdsoft.org/products/MIRDspecs/Tl-196 Summary Spectrum.csv
Beta spectra (plot)
Spectra source: ICRP Publication 107: Nuclear Decay Data for Dosimetric Calculations. Ann. ICRP 2008, 38 (3).
Download tabulated beta spectra file here: www.mirdsoft.org/products/MIRDspecs/Tl-196 Beta Spectrum.csv
Tabulated data
Summary spectra (table)
Spectra source: ICRP Publication 107: Nuclear Decay Data for Dosimetric Calculations. Ann. ICRP 2008, 38 (3).
Note: Radiations with yield < 0.01 are excluded from the table, but are available in the linked *.csv data.
Download tabulated summary spectra file here: www.mirdsoft.org/products/MIRDspecs/Tl-196 Summary Spectrum.csv
|
Energy [MeV] |
Yield [#/nt] if > 0.01 |
Radiation type |
|
1.47030e-05 |
1.199e+01 |
X-ray |
|
2.22229e-03 |
3.926e-02 |
X-ray |
|
9.89221e-03 |
1.309e-02 |
X-ray |
|
9.98619e-03 |
1.153e-01 |
X-ray |
|
1.18592e-02 |
7.293e-02 |
X-ray |
|
1.19285e-02 |
2.176e-02 |
X-ray |
|
1.38758e-02 |
1.457e-02 |
X-ray |
|
6.90989e-02 |
2.083e-01 |
X-ray |
|
7.10661e-02 |
3.530e-01 |
X-ray |
|
8.00792e-02 |
3.899e-02 |
X-ray |
|
8.05161e-02 |
7.547e-02 |
X-ray |
|
8.27860e-02 |
1.800e-02 |
X-ray |
|
3.44900e-01 |
2.016e-02 |
Gamma |
|
3.54500e-01 |
1.248e-02 |
Gamma |
|
4.25700e-01 |
8.352e-01 |
Gamma |
|
5.11000e-01 |
2.478e-01 |
Annihilation photon |
|
6.10500e-01 |
1.190e-01 |
Gamma |
|
6.35200e-01 |
9.792e-02 |
Gamma |
|
7.05000e-01 |
1.344e-02 |
Gamma |
|
7.13600e-01 |
1.248e-02 |
Gamma |
|
7.50000e-01 |
1.344e-02 |
Gamma |
|
7.54000e-01 |
1.440e-02 |
Gamma |
|
7.78400e-01 |
1.152e-02 |
Gamma |
|
9.64600e-01 |
3.552e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.03620e+00 |
2.592e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.28910e+00 |
1.152e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.35000e+00 |
1.152e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.38900e+00 |
2.496e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.43420e+00 |
1.440e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.49580e+00 |
8.160e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.51060e+00 |
2.880e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.55300e+00 |
4.800e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.58670e+00 |
2.304e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.62140e+00 |
4.896e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.69670e+00 |
2.976e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.77550e+00 |
2.784e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.84490e+00 |
1.920e-02 |
Gamma |
|
2.01130e+00 |
3.744e-02 |
Gamma |
|
2.02910e+00 |
1.536e-02 |
Gamma |
|
2.04920e+00 |
1.152e-02 |
Gamma |
|
2.06740e+00 |
1.056e-02 |
Gamma |
|
2.10210e+00 |
1.152e-02 |
Gamma |
|
2.12780e+00 |
2.784e-02 |
Gamma |
|
2.21200e+00 |
3.360e-02 |
Gamma |
|
2.22770e+00 |
1.248e-02 |
Gamma |
|
2.39270e+00 |
1.728e-02 |
Gamma |
|
1.29940e+00 |
9.205e-02 |
Positron |
|
4.20433e-05 |
2.714e+00 |
Auger electron |
|
6.98797e-05 |
3.970e+00 |
Auger electron |
|
1.74617e-04 |
2.087e+00 |
Auger electron |
|
4.15065e-04 |
4.392e-01 |
Auger electron |
|
8.26930e-04 |
1.392e-01 |
Auger electron |
|
1.80737e-03 |
1.078e+00 |
Auger electron |
|
2.03976e-03 |
1.192e-01 |
Auger electron |
|
7.64511e-03 |
3.241e-01 |
Auger electron |
|
9.85333e-03 |
1.385e-01 |
Auger electron |
|
1.20890e-02 |
1.430e-02 |
Auger electron |
|
5.57212e-02 |
1.849e-02 |
Auger electron |
|
6.69357e-02 |
1.001e-02 |
Auger electron |
|
3.42347e-01 |
2.342e-02 |
Conversion electron |
Useful Links
Isotope decay characteristics are periodically updated as better measurements can be made - changes that may not be reflected on this page. Please see useful links:
National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC): https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/mird/
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Livechart: https://www-nds.iaea.org/relnsd/vcharthtml/VChartHTML.html
Reference Links
ICRP Report 107: https://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%20107
Graves et al. Dose Point Kernels: https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13789
MIRD Decay Schemes 2nd Edition: https://sites.snmmi.org/SNMMI-MAIN/iCore/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iProductCode=0-932004-80-6
MIRDsoft MIRDspecs version 20250101 (www.mirdsoft.org)
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