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Radionuclide Dosimetric Data Sheets
Germanium-68
Summary data
General
Classification
Isotope: Ge-68
Atomic number (Z): 32
Mass number (A): 68
Neutron number (N): 36
Radioactive decay
Decay modes: Electron capture
Half-life: 270.9 [d]
Decay constant: 2.9609e-08 [1/s]
Daughters: Ga-68 (100.0%)
Radioactive daughters: Ga-68
Dosimetric constants
Mean alpha energy: 0.0 [MeV]
Mean electron energy: 0.00495 [MeV]
Mean photon energy: 0.0041 [MeV]
Air kerma rate constant, Γ10: 2.804e-18 [Gy·m2/Bq·s]
Air kerma coefficient, Kair: 2.804e-18 [Gy·m2/Bq·s]
Equilibrium dose constant for weakly-penetrating radiations (α and/or
electrons), Δwp: 7.931e-16 [Gy·kg/Bq·s]
Equilibrium dose constant for alphas, Δα: 0.000e+00
[Gy·kg/Bq·s]
Equilibrium dose constant for betas/electrons, Δβ-,β+,e-:
7.931e-16 [Gy·kg/Bq·s]
Equilibrium dose constant for photons, Δp: 6.569e-16
[Gy·kg/Bq·s]
Dose point kernels (plot)
Dose point kernel source: Graves, et al. Medical Physics. 2019 Nov.; 46(11):5284-5293.
Note: Bins are spaced every 0.1 mm until a radius of 10 cm, and every 1 mm until a radius of 2 m.
Download tabulated dose point kernel file here: www.mirdsoft.org/products/MIRDspecs/Ge-68 DPK.csv
Summary spectra (plot)
Spectra source: ICRP Publication 107: Nuclear Decay Data for Dosimetric Calculations. Ann. ICRP 2008, 38 (3).
Download tabulated summary spectra file here: www.mirdsoft.org/products/MIRDspecs/Ge-68 Summary Spectrum.csv
Tabulated data
Summary spectra (table)
Spectra source: ICRP Publication 107: Nuclear Decay Data for Dosimetric Calculations. Ann. ICRP 2008, 38 (3).
Note: Radiations with yield < 0.01 are excluded from the table, but are available in the linked *.csv data.
Download tabulated summary spectra file here: www.mirdsoft.org/products/MIRDspecs/Ge-68 Summary Spectrum.csv
|
Energy [MeV] |
Yield [#/nt] if > 0.01 |
Radiation type |
|
1.57857e-05 |
6.195e+00 |
X-ray |
|
9.18060e-03 |
1.292e-01 |
X-ray |
|
9.20900e-03 |
2.512e-01 |
X-ray |
|
1.02200e-02 |
1.633e-02 |
X-ray |
|
1.02237e-02 |
3.191e-02 |
X-ray |
|
1.17417e-05 |
1.703e+00 |
Auger electron |
|
5.43937e-05 |
1.565e+00 |
Auger electron |
|
9.46814e-05 |
2.466e-01 |
Auger electron |
|
1.00317e-03 |
1.228e+00 |
Auger electron |
|
1.05393e-03 |
1.915e-02 |
Auger electron |
|
7.99646e-03 |
3.380e-01 |
Auger electron |
|
9.04875e-03 |
8.925e-02 |
Auger electron |
Useful Links
Isotope decay characteristics are periodically updated as better measurements can be made - changes that may not be reflected on this page. Please see useful links:
National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC): https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/mird/
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Livechart: https://www-nds.iaea.org/relnsd/vcharthtml/VChartHTML.html
Reference Links
ICRP Report 107: https://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%20107
Graves et al. Dose Point Kernels: https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13789
MIRD Decay Schemes 2nd Edition: https://sites.snmmi.org/SNMMI-MAIN/iCore/Store/StoreLayouts/Item_Detail.aspx?iProductCode=0-932004-80-6
MIRDsoft MIRDspecs version 20250101 (www.mirdsoft.org)
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